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 * 1R34MH082186-01A1 || Mental Illness and Community Reentry in a Multi-Ethnic Population of Female Inmates || This proposed translational research will tackle this issue by adapting and refining a data- and theory-driven approach, the Critical Time Intervention (CTI), which aims to address mental illness and community reentry needs and to decrease recidivism within this population. The project will modify the CTI in preparation for an R01 application to study its effectiveness in enhancing mental health and criminal justice outcomes for rural female offenders of diverse ethnicities. This **//research//** will occur in three stages. First, we will conduct structured psychiatric assessments and qualitative interviews with a multi-ethnic sample of rural female inmates scheduled for release from **//prison//**. The richly detailed descriptions from this approach will elucidate how women experience mental illness and how this experience may impact their reentry into the **//community//**. Second, we will carefully consider the broader social support context of reentry for rural women through qualitative interviews with professional and nonprofessional individuals comprising this context. Third, we will convene a stakeholder group of criminal justice professionals, mental health experts, and rural women who have experienced **//community//** reentry. **//Based//** upon our study findings and stakeholder input we will then use **//participatory//** planning methods to adapt the CTI. This adaptation process will provide a model for tailoring the CTI to other populations and settings, thus serving to disseminate this important intervention more widely. ||
 * [|1K23NR010747-01A1] || Perinatal Health Disparities Between Foreign-born and US-born Black Women || The specific **//research//** aims of this application are to: 1) compare socio-demographic, psychosocial, and health behavioral characteristics and rates of PTB between foreign-born and US-born Black women in an urban socially disadvantaged population, and 2) explore various exposures (both individual and contextual) and adverse birth outcomes across subgroups of Black women by country of birth, duration of tenure in the US, reason for immigration and experiences of racism. This application for a NINR Mentored Patient-Oriented **//Research//** Career Development Award (K23) seeks support to enhance the candidate's **//research//** skills to study the complex problem of perinatal racial and ethnic health disparities. Over the next three years the candidate proposes a career development plan of perinatal **//research//** mentoring and coursework to receive training in advanced quantitative social epidemiology **//research//** methods and analysis to investigate the social determinants contributing to the observed racial and ethnic disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes. The proposed study explores in-depth, exposures that underpin the protective effect of foreign nativity on adverse birth outcomes among Black women in the US. This will guided by a maternal stress biologicalpsychosocial theoretical framework using multi-level data from birth records, census tract data, and then a longitudinal maternal-infant health outcomes study that enrolled women (n=4,879) during their first prenatal visit at publicly funded clinics. ||
 * 5K23DA022454-02 || Directly Observed Hepatitis C Treatment in Methadone Clinics || The goal of this mentored award is to enhance the clinical **//research//** skills of Alain Litwin, M.D., M.P.H., M.S., through **//research//** on integrating HCV treatment with substance abuse treatment. Dr. Litwin's training plan involves formal mentorship in the following areas: implementing comprehensive DOT programs in opiate agonist programs, measuring and analyzing adherence in drug users, designing behavioral interventions for drug users, clinical trial study design, advanced statistical methods, and **//community//**-**//based//** **//participatory//** **//research//**. The specific aims of this proposal are: (1) To determine in randomized trial whether modified directly observed HCV treatment (pegylated interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin) provided on-site at a methadone program is more efficacious than self-administered HCV treatment for enhancing adherence; (2) To determine the impact of providing on-site HCV treatment on virologic outcomes, and to determine the association between HCV treatment adherence and virologic outcomes. As a sub-aim, we will also determine whether mDOT is more efficacious than self-administered HCV treatment for achieving HCV treatment outcomes; and (3) To identify individual-level factors (e.g. active drug and alcohol use, active psychiatric illness, housing status, social support, beliefs and knowledge about HCV medications, motivation to adhere, self-efficacy, and medication side effects) influencing HCV treatment adherence and HCV treatment outcomes. Findings from this project will be used to inform the development of a large randomized trial of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of modified directly observed HCV care versus regular on-site care. ||

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 * 5P30DA011041-10 || High Risk Drug Use & HIV-Learning from the NYC Epidemic || This application is for a competing continuation of a P30 Core Center, the Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR). In addition, the need for a Core Center has increased: whereas the parent grant was initiated to provide support to 9 projects related to HIV and drug use, this continuation will provide a research infrastructure for 23 projects. The overarching scientific aim will be to enhance knowledge regarding social-level influences on HIV-related risk behaviors, prevention and transmission of HIV among drug users. CDUHR will provide support to increase the productivity of investigators, foster efficiency in project functioning, and enhance collaboration and synergy so that new research questions and studies will emerge which will exceed the accomplishments achievable by the simple summation of the activities of the individual projects. In addition, CDUHR will support the development of new knowledge, theory and methods and their dissemination to the field. The aims of CDUHR will be accomplished through 6 cores: (1) Social Theory Core -- furthers the use and development of supra-individual theory; (2) Research Methods Core -- enhances use of newly-emerging social-level research methods; (3) Statistics and Data Analysis Core fosters use of statistical methods that are appropriate for group and multi-level analyses; (4) Strategic Comparisons Core -- facilitates and undertakes studies with epidemics as the unit of analysis; (5) Dissemination and Training Core -- serves to maintain and advance knowledge and skills of staff and disseminate findings to service providers; and (6) Administration Core -- provides scientific leadership and ensures integration across Cores and synergy across projects and investigators. ||
 * 1P30DA027827-0110 || A Transdiciplinary Center Focused on Rural African American Families || To reach this goal we have assembled a team of senior and early career investigators with a successful history of collaboration who have backgrounds in molecular and statistical genetics, genetic epidemiology, public health, human development, and prevention science. This network of investigators will access the Shared Resources Core, a unique combination of data sets, genetic laboratory and specimen repository resources, statistical and bioinformatic services, and data collection and program implementation teams. Data from seven core projects were collected from more than 6,000 African American individuals, approximately 5,000 (83%) of whom live in small towns and rural communities. These data include (a) longitudinal assessments of drug use and abuse and sexual risk behavior phenotypes; (b) genetic data; (c) developmentally appropriate assessments of self-regulatory processes; and (d) multilevel assessments of individual characteristics, social adaptation, parenting/family processes, and neighborhood/community contexts. The organizational and administrative structure of the CCOE will organize and prioritize CCOE scientists' research efforts, providing an integrated process for translating findings into transformations of etiologic models of drug abuse and sexual risk behavior that increase their predictive utility and the efficacy of the prevention progress they inform. ||
 * 5PL1DA024859-02 || Human Subjects Core: Protocols, Statistics, Collaborative Method Development and || This **//P30//** will provide core Human Subjects resources for coordinated and efficient data collection and statistical analysis across the clinical studies and pilot projects included in this consortium. Among the overall goals of the IRCSSA, is the need to study well characterized clinical and non-clinical participants in all human projects so as to achieve both economics of scale and more importantly to synthesize findings on stress, self control and addiction across multiple response systems. the overall aims of this Core are the following: (1) To provide centralized coordination of subject recruitment for clinical studies; (2) To provide a central assessment resource on stress, self control, physical health screening measures and for specific addictive behaviors of smoking, drinking, overeating; (3) To provide central data collection and management resources; (4) To provide centralized and coordinated data analysis and statistics expertise; and (5) To provide scientific support and consultation to ongoing and pilot study investigators. Through these aims the **//P30//** will provide critical support to the human studies and facilitate integration of data across projects in the IRCSSA. ||