44

=Boricua Science Class Student Work Space=

Student Name:
Miguel A. Cordero

Body Burden
In the space between the lines, you will present your research in the form of a pamphlet that anyone could read to learn more about toxic products in the home and office. If you create a Word document, let me know, and we can upload it to this page.


 * __Toxic Treatise__**


 * Household

Product:** Airwick Crystal Air-Air Freshener (aerosol)
 * Toxic Chemicals:** Propane (1-10%) and Isobutane (20-30%)
 * Health Effects:** Very high doses of inhaled n- propane have been reported to be lethal to humans. The abuse of n- propane has increased among teenagers because of its capacity to cause euphoria an exhilirating psycological state of pride and optimism). Symptoms on the central nervous system, such as headache and memory loss on the morning after exposure, were reported. Isobutane - Low toxicity.
 * How can these effects be treated?:** Help stop inhalation abuse; for information visit [|www.inhalant.org].


 * Product:** Fixodent Denture Adhesive Cream
 * Toxic Chemicals:** Menthol, Petrolatum, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, D&C Red #27 aluminum lake, Menthyl lactate, Peppermint extract, Mineral oil (unspecified), silica (unspecified), and Calcium/zinc polyvinyl methyl ethermaleate.
 * Health Effects:** Menthol - Low toxicity. Petrolatum - Toxicity unknown. Carboxymethylcellulose sodium - no record, D&C Red #27 aluminum lake - No developmental toxicity. Menthyl lactate - No record. Peppermint extract - Low toxicity. Mineral oil - Low toxicity. Silica - Low Toxicity. Calcium/zinc polyvinyl methyl ethermaleate - No record.
 * How can these effects be treated?:** Low or non-existent Health Hazard.

hydroxide treatment may represent a simple and inexpensive way of improving scaffolds for use in bone tissue engineering. Triclosan - Antibacterial activity during wastewater treatment. Sodium flouride - Intoxication is due to cardiodepression and vasodilation. Water - Toxicology of disinfectants and disinfectant by-products. Carrageenan - No record. Carboxymathylcellulose sodium - No record. PVM/MA copolymer - No toxicity. Titanium dioxide - Low toxicity. Hydrated silica (Silica gel) - low toxicity. Flavor(s) - No record.
 * Product:** Colgate Total Toothpaste
 * Toxic Chemicals:** Sorbitol, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Sodium Saccharin, Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Sodium hydroxide, Triclosan, Sodium flouride, Water, Carrageenan, Carboxymathylcellulose sodium, PVM/MA copolymer, Titanium dioxide, Hydrated silica (Silica gel), and Flavor(s).
 * Health Effects:** Sorbitol - Low toxicity. Glycerin - Glycerol is absorbed following ingestion and metabolised by glycerokinase in the liver to carbon dioxide and water or incorporated in the standard metabolic pathways to form glucose and glycogen. The weight of evidence indicates that glycerol is of low toxicity when ingested, inhaled or in contact with the skin. Propylene Glycol - Low toxicity. Sodium Saccharin - No record. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) - Even at low concentrations cause skin damage. Sodium hydroxide - Sodium
 * How can these effects be treated?:** No treatments and/or are solutions themselves.


 * Office**


 * Product:** Sanford Colorific Dry Erase Markers, All Colors
 * Toxic Chemicals:** Ethanol/SD Alchohol 40, Isopropanol, and Resin (unspecified).
 * Health Effects:** Ethanol/SD Alcohol 40 - Unsufficient data for determination. Isopropanol - Since Isopropyl alcohol has greater fat-solvent effects than ethyl alcohol, repeated use has a drying effect on the skin. Resin (unspecified) - Low toxicity.
 * How can these effects be treated?:** Minor to no health hazards.

, and human toxicity data are lacking except for a few clinical reports on allergic reactions. Resin (uspecified) - Low toxicity.
 * Product:** Paper Mate Liquid Paper Smooth Coverage Correction Fluid
 * Toxic Chemicals:** Fragrance(s)/Perfume(s),Titanium dioxide, Naphtha, petroleum, hydrotreated heavy, Solvent naphtha, petroleum, light aliphatic, Colorant/Pigment/Dye(s), and Resin (unspecified).
 * Health Effects:** Fragrance(s)/Perfume(s) - Environmental perfume exposure can elicit bothersome respiratory symptoms. Symptoms are induced at exposure levels which most people find tolerable, and the mechanisms are unclear. If exposured to eyes may cause irritation, itching, and tears. Titanium dioxide - Low toxicity. Naphtha, petroleum, hydrotreated heavy - H eavy and prolonged exposure to paint solvents leads to neuropsychological ill health. Solvent naphtha, petroleum, light aliphatic - The vapors may cause lightheadedness, nausea and stupor, and the threshold limit is 500ppm. Colorant/Pigment/Dye(s) - The available data are insufficient to judge the toxicity of most
 * How can these effects be treated?:** Minor to extreme health hazards. To prevent extreme health hazards, please use product responsibly.

(findings, and how we can prevent exposure to these toxins.) [|www.hhs.gov]
 * Internet Sites**

End of Term Reflection
Here are some of the activities we did in class this term: Harper's Magazine ("Boots on the Ice"), Hurricane Evacuation Plan, Designer Babies (GATACA), Genetic Diseases, Evolution Movies/Research, NYT Science Reviews, Punnett Squares, Chemical Bond Diagrams, The Periodic Table, The Birth and Death of Stars

[insert text here] [insert text here] Computer Class = [More/Less] Videos = [More/Less] Student Group Activities = [More/Less] Evaluations = [More/Less] [insert text here]
 * What 2-3 activities did you enjoy/learn the most?
 * What 2-3 activities topic did you find the most difficult to understand?
 * Describe how could we improve this course in the future
 * Explain why you enjoyed, or why you struggled through, this class, offering whatever insights you may feel are valuable:

Name of Disease
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome

Symptoms

 * 1) There are mutations that lead to the production of not normal small, type of folliculin protein that doesn’t function. Without this protein, researchers believe that cells will grow and multiply extensively forming cancerous and noncancerous tumors.
 * 2) Mutations called spontaneous pneumothorax, a condition affecting the lungs.
 * 3) Mutations identified as somatic, are not inherited. Somatic mutations may be the cause for sporadic tumors that are nonhereditary.

Genes

 * 1) The FLCN gene provides instructions for making a protein called folliculin. Researchers do not know its function, but they believe it helps in controlling a tumor’s growth and division of its cells.
 * 2) [Type here]
 * 3) [Type here]

Cytogenetic Location
17p11.2

Base Pair Sites
17,056,250 to 17,081,220

Community
Bushwick

Evacuation Center

 * 1) Location – I.S. 383
 * 2) Implemented Plan – I called and I spoke to someone in the main office. This person transferred me elsewhere. A recording came on, I left a brief explanation of what I was asking for and my home phone number. I never received a response. 

Your Evacuation Plan
Design an escape route, including subway contingencies. __Subway Route__ Take the (L) train at Myrtle Wyckoff Avenues to Lorimer Street. Transfer to (G) train at Metropolitan Avenue. Take to LIC/Court Square. Transfer (Metro card transfer) to (7) train 45 Road Court House Square. Take to Willets Pt – Shea Stadium. __Bus Route__ Take the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza bound B60 Bus. Get off at Wilson Avenue and Flushing Avenue. Take the Maspeth Fresh Pond Road bound B57 Bus. Get off at Grand Avenue and 64th Street. Take the Flushing Main Street bound Q58 Bus. Get off at 41st Road and Main Street. Walk 0.15 miles (3 minutes) North to Roosevelt Avenue and Main Street. Take the LaGuardia Airport bound Q48 Bus. Get off at Roosevelt Avenue and Willets Pt Boulevard. Develop your own evacuation plan. Make sure to include your · Go Bag ü <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plent y of canned food like potted meat, tuna, crackers, peanut butter, etc. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bottled water. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">At least one flashlight. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Boxes of matches. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Candles. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Small pocket radio. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Plenty of batteries for radio and flashlight. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Baby wipes. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hand sanitizers. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">First Aid Kit. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Some underwear. <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Cell phone (carry on self). <span style="font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">·<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Plans for Pets <span style="font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; mso-list: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">ü <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Set my four parakeets free. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All family in the New York City area is to meet up in Flushing Meadow Park near Shea Stadium. From here we all head North pass the Bronx. Some will leave in their automobiles, the rest will use transit; most likely, bus travel will be the safest choice.
 * ·**<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> Plans for meeting your family

#1
1. Summary – Chimeras on the Horizon, but Don’t Expect Centaurs <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">By Nicholas Wade (<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Summar y) <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">According to the author, if research on human embryonic stem cells start to go somewhere, sooner or later, people will begin to hear about chimeras. What are chimeras? Chimeras are creatures made up of more than one type of cell. Think about the mythology world, where mythical creatures like centaurs roam. However, don’t expect centaurs roaming around 125th in Manhattan, it’s not that kind of scientific breakthrough <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> Biologists have been generating these so called chimeras for a while. For example, mixing the embryonic cells of a black mouse and a white mouse, the result will be a patchwork mouse. Scientists have gone far enough to producing animal tissue to repair human organs, like, people carrying pig heart valves. These folks can be considered to belong to the chimera family. This of course, can bring certain concerns or fears to the public. However, scientists see certain practices as unethical methods, so they won’t use this knowledge for freak experiments. Their plan is strictly for medical study. Take for instance, mixing human embryonic stem brain cells with mouse brain cells. They can find new advancements in curing certain diseases caused by the loss of brain cells, while the experimented mouse hones new senses. 2. Book Citation – <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Page: 1 Review Title: Chimeras on the Horizon, but Don’t Expect Centaurs Author: Nicholas Wade <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[]  <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Page: 2 Article connection Title: The Chimera article and Cloning Comparison Article: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regenerative Medicine Pages: 494-95 Book: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach 5E Authors: James Trefil, Robert M. Hazen Page: 3 Comment: “The promise of embryonic stem cells is that since all the tissues of the body are derived from them, they are a kind of universal clay.” Title: Chimeras on the Horizon, but Don’t Expect Centaurs Author: Nicholas Wade <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">Source: [] <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Personal Interest – <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Science has always been my favorite subject in school. Mythology has brought characters like mermaids and Medusa to my mind and heart. This New York Times article has brought these two worlds together and has made me aware that the mating of Science and Myth can produce offspring called chimeras. I’ve known this mythical creature part lion, goat, and snake existed in the stories of mythology; but to think that science is making creatures of a similar nature to these legends a reality is mind blowing. Even if it’s done in a smaller scale, this is still extraordinary. “The promise of embryonic stem cells is that since all the tissues of the body are derived from them, they are a kind of universal clay.” This comment in the article rings in my head the loudest. Its sounds like the biblical term when it says that God build man from the clay of the earth and breathed on to it to give it life. I know about the medical breakthroughs that are possible, but like space, this frontier has infinite possibilities.

#2
1. Summary – <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Theory and Experiment Meet, and a New Form of Boron Is Found By Kenneth Chang (Summary) <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Boron is an element that has been called the element of mystery. It’s an element not as multi-structured as hydrogen or as famous as carbon which in its pure form can come as diamond. Past scientists have miscalculated and thought they have found the purest form. Artem R. Oganov, a professor of geosciences at Stony Brook University leads a group of researchers, together have added to the actual discoveries. They have found a form of boron that is nearly as hard as diamond. This was possible by using a so-called genetic algorithm to decipher the structure of the new boron crystal. They have confirmed only four pure forms of the element. After scientists conducted experiments at high pressures, gamma boron is not quite as hard as diamond. However, it’s more heat resistant, which can be very utilizable by certain industrializations. 2. Book Citation – <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Page: 1 Review Title: Theory and Experiment Meet, and a New Form of Boron Is Found Author: Kenneth Chang Source: [] Page: 2 Article connection Title: The Boron Element article and the Atom Comparison Article: Elements Page: 159 Book: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach 5E Authors: James Trefil, Robert M. Hazen 3. Personal Interest – <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">When people were probably wondering and expanding their imagination with the thought of outer space and its infinite properties, which would lead them to think that there’s no end to the size an object can multiply its mass to; I was wondering the exact opposite, if there was no end to dividing an object into two halves. Finally, I have grasped the reality of the ‘atom’ concept. I understand that something can be turned to the smallest structure and it becomes the base structure made up of none solid substance. I can truly say that the most important part of everything in life comes in small packages.

#3
1. Summary – <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Darwin, Ahead of His Time, Is Still Influential By Nicholas Wade (Summary) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> To think of a theory still being influential from a mind of a biologist called Darwin from 1859 is something to be impressed by. However, this did not go without the non-believers, skeptical biologists did not accept Darwin’s main concept of natural selection. It took close to a century for biologists to even give some credit or base to Darwin’s theory. This occurred because scientists needed more pieces to the puzzle to grasp what Darwin figured out without the knowledge of genes and DNA. In addition, biologists have a hard time, even now, to accept that evolution happens without a purpose, and that natural selection happens with people. A third nonscientific criterion is the occurrence of group selection in humans. There are people that say that natural selection can happen with human bodies and not with the brain and behavior. Darwin did extensive research, not only was his work deep; but it was very broad. For each book he published, he spent many years researching before he would make his theories public. His work is still being used to this date, even though he had limited resources; the bottom line, the man knew a lot of biology. 2. Book Citation – <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Page: 1 Review Title: Darwin, Ahead of His Time, Is Still Influential Author: Nicholas Wade Source: [] Page: 2 Article connection Title: The Darwin’s theory article and Natural Selection Comparison Article: Natural Selection Page: 518-19 Book: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach 5E Authors: James Trefil, Robert M. Hazen 3. Personal Interest – <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Being religious could have gotten in the way of even considering the concept of Darwin’s theory. However, I’m an open minded person, or at least consider myself to be one. I find these types of topics very interesting. Natural selection is the continuance of a species; the bigger question is the origin of species. More significant is the origin of our species, the human race. Everyone, from scientist to the religious have their theories. That’s just it; all the answers are theoretical, no actual facts. This is the reason everyone should keep an open mind. Consider all aspects and all angles. The problem with that is that the theories keep coming. Don’t load your head with all these possible theories; start eliminating and keeping the ones that seem more logical. Darwin’s theory stand out over the rest and this is why it’s influential still to this day. I have a mindbender: Why is it that man is so one dimensional and has to have everything make sense under logic? Back to Science homepage