40

=Boricua Science Class Student Work Space=

Student Name:
Marissa Amendolaro

Body Burden
In the space between the lines, you will present your research in the form of a pamphlet that anyone could read to learn more about toxic products in the home and office. If you create a Word document, let me know, and we can upload it to this page.

**Product:** Lysol Brand II Disinfectant Spray Aerosol, Crisp Linen Scent
 * Manufacture:** Reckitt Benckiser, INC
 * Warning/ Health effects:** a violation of federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. Avoid contact with eye, skin and clothing. After handling this product wash thoroughly. This is highly flammable may cause irritation in eye. Keep away from heat. Keep away from small children. Contains propellant and fragrance. Inhaling when cleaning it is not harmful during the normal use but if you abuse this product then inhaling can be harmful or fatal.
 * Health Rating = 2 which is moderate**
 * Flammability Rating = 3 which is serious**
 * Reactivity Rating =0**

Ethanol/SD Alcohol 40 –(85-90%), Triethanolamine (0-0.5%) Carbon Dioxide (1-5,%) Ammonium hydroxide (0-0.5,%) benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl-, saccharinate (0-0.5%) We can talk to children about the danger on inhaling this product or products like this. First do some research on inhaling abuse [|www.athealth.com/Consumer/Disorders/inhalantab.html]. Have a community discussion have reading material to hand out to have people be aware of this abuse that your children or adult’s maybe doing.
 * Toxic Chemicals with in this Product:**
 * How can we minimize the some health effects?**

__//**Product:**//__ **__//Nilodor Foaming Hand Sanitizer Instant//__** Manufacture: Nilodor, Inc. Eye Irritation: Direct contact can irritate eyes Skin Irritation: While unlikely, prolonged or repeated contact could dry or irritate skin Sensitization: None known\
 * Warning/ Health effects:** it is not classified as flammable, health hazards it may be a mild irritant.Inhalation: Not determined for mixture. Low volatility. Weighted average more than 5 milligrams per Liter.

[|__Propylene glycol__] [|__Water__] [|__Cocoamidopropylbetaine__] [|__Cocamidopropylamine oxide__] percent is unknown [|__Alkyl(C12-16)dimethylbenzylammonium chloride__] percent is unknown no health effects given
 * Health Rating = 1**
 * Flammability Rating = 1**
 * Reactivity Rating =0**
 * Toxic Chemicals with in this Product:**
 * How can we minimize the some health effects?**

Product: Paper Mate Liquid Paper 2 In 1
 * Manufacture:** Sanford Corporation Div. Rubbermaid-Newell

Warning/ Health effects: Hazards Identification. if you inhaled bapors symptoons that may occure respiratory irritation, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness, convulsions, cardiac sensitization, coma, and death.

Health Rating = 2 which is moderate
 * Flammability Rating = 3 which is serious**
 * Reactivity Rating =0**

[|__Fragrance(s)/perfume(s)__]
 * Toxic Chemicals with in this Product:**

Titanium dioxide Naphtha, petroleum, hydrotreated heavy Solvent naphtha, petroleum, light aliphatic Colorant/Pigment/Dye(s) Resin (unspecified) How can we minimize the some health effects? to provent health effects we can talk to people about inhaling

Product: **Neutrogena Healthy Skin Face Lotion-SPF 15** Manufacture: Neutrogena Corporation

Warning/ Health effects: aviod contact with eye area if it does come in contact rinse throughly with water. Neutrogena Healthy Skin Face Lotion SPF 15 has been allergy tested and is considered to be a mild material. A brief tingling sensation may be experienced after application. Those with sensitive skin should wait 10-15 minutes after cleansing before application.

Health Rating = n n= no information provided by manufacturer * = Chronic Health Hazard
 * Flammability Rating =n**
 * Reactivity Rating =n**

Toxic Chemicals with in this Product: [|__Fragrance(s)/perfume(s)__]

Glycerin
 * **Stearic acid**

Tetrasodium EDTA Hydroxyacetic acid Retinyl palmitate Methylparaben Glyceryl stearate Sodium glycolate How can we minimize the some health effects? the health effect is allergy to minimize this we you can test the product on a small area and if you are allergic you can try a different product. or talk to you doctor before justing any product

Product: **Sanford Expo Cleaner for Dry Erase Surfaces** Manufacture: Sanford Corporation

Warning/ Health effects: Flammable. May be harmful by ingestion or by skin contact. May be harmful if swallowed. Eye irritant. Avoid ingestion. Keep away from eyes. Do not store or use near heat or flame. Keep out of reach of children.May be harmful by ingestion or by skin contact. May be harmful if swallowed. Eye Irritant. Avoid ingestion. Keep away from eyes.

Health Rating = 2 n= no information provided by manufacturer * = Chronic Health Hazard
 * Flammability Rating =2**
 * Reactivity Rating =0**

Toxic Chemicals with in this Product: [|__Isopropanol__] [|__2-Butoxyethanol__] [|__Water__]

End of Term Reflection
Here are some of the activities we did in class this term: Harper's Magazine ("Boots on the Ice"), Hurricane Evacuation Plan, Designer Babies (GATACA), Genetic Diseases, Evolution Movies/Research, NYT Science Reviews, Punnett Squares, Chemical Bond Diagrams, The Periodic Table, The Birth and Death of Stars

I enjoyed the movie Designer Babies (GATACA),it was very interesting to watch,Leaning about the different genetic diseases that can go wrong at birth and so forth or the lengths someone might go to have the so called “perfect baby”I like the topic of evolution is it a fact or just a theory the video helped a lot to have a better understanding of the material. To learn about human and DNA and where we came from was very interesting The Punnet Squares, was difficult for me I fully understand how to put the traits in the chart and how did the outcome occur. It is something I would continue to learn till I fully understand it. Another thing that I had a little bit of difficulty with but only at the beginning was the ecosystem I couldn’t figure out who was doing the preying and who was being preyed my arrows where not correct once I corrected them I had a better understanding.
 * What 2-3 activities did you enjoy/learn the most?
 * What 2-3 activities topic did you find the most difficult to understand?

To fix the computer there was always something wrong. Computer Class = [Less the computers have to be fixed in order to have more classes ] Videos = [Alot More] Student Group Activities = [the amount we had was fine Evaluations = [More] [ Science is not the strongest subject for me but, I actually looked forward to attend this class as well as the lab I viewed the material in a different way then I normally have in the past, and that is because how professor Lewis taught this class was more interesting then mypast classes. ]
 * Describe how could we improve this course in the future
 * Explain why you enjoyed, or why you struggled through, this class, offering whatever insights you may feel are valuable:

Name of Disease
[Type here]

Symptoms

 * 1) [Type here]
 * 2) [Type here]
 * 3) [Type here]

Genes

 * 1) [Type here]
 * 2) [Type here]
 * 3) [Type here]

Cytogenetic Location
[Type here]

Base Pair Sites
[Type here]

Community
[Type here]

Your Evacuation Plan
I couldn’t find my Hurricane Evacuation Zone on the map, so I went to Hurricane Evacuation Zone finder, and it said I am not in a zone there is no evacuation order in effect. It says resident who do not live in a hurricane evacuation zone face any risk of storm surge flooding from a hurricane. In an event of a hurricane, you will not need to evacuate form this address. Even though I might live outside of the evacuation zone I might still be faced with hurricane related hazards like high winds, rainfall flooding, tornadoes and loss of power or water. To be prepared to shelter in place for several days. ===Even though I don’t live in a Hurricane evacuation zone, I feel you don’t know what could happen because storms have a mind of there ownThe closest evacuation center from my house is Christ the King Hs. I called the high school but no one got back to me. Since I work in the daycare I asked the security guard and asked them if they knew anything. I was told that they are this biggest evacuation center in queens. They have tons of blankets. They only allow pets in with cages. The escape route I would use to get to my destination the bus I would be either take the bus route Q29 to the Q54 and take that to Christ the king or I can walk but walking might be a little far but might be faster if the roads are packed with people trying to get to there own destination. I might try to take my car and if it were taking awhile I would get out and walk. If I was somewhere else at the time of evacuation the M train will get me to Christ the King H.S fast because that train is right next to the school. ===

My evacuation plan would consist of making sure my family knows where to meet if we are not near the evacuation center, pick a spot by the center to where we all meet up with each other incase our phones are not working, know what subways are near the area if the M train is not working what other subway is near the center. Things I would put in a go bag I would make two; one I would put in my car incase I was out and there was an evacuation and the other would be at home. I would have can food that is ready to eat water, lighters, portable battery TV/ radio, a few flashlights, and a lot of extra batteries, medicine that I may need, and first aid kit. Important documents. If I have pets I would also make a bag for them their food and some toys and medicine they might need. I would have a cage for them so they will not get lost. New York Science Times Reviews

by mireya navarro
=== Global warming is a concern of the planet, not just individual countries. However, because of the uncertainties about the future and what global warming will bring, it is comforting to see that some governments are at least accepting the fact that there is actually a climate change in our future. An article that exemplifies this statement in a local setting is “New York Must Prepare for Global Warming, Mayor’s Panel Says”, by Mireya Navarro. === To best state it, this article is about planning for the future within New York City before the effects of global warming are seen. As reported by Mireya Navarro, Mayor Bloomberg’s panel which had been put in place to study the effects global warming will have, came out to state a few statistics that would have serious repercussions for the city. It is reported by Mayor Bloomberg’s panel that “annual temperatures in New York could increase by up to 3 degrees and the average sea levels rise by 2 to 5 inches by 2020’s”. Looking even further into the future, 2080, the temperatures could be up to 7 degrees higher than now and that sea levels could possibly be up as more as 23 inches. The basis of the material, like most global warming research at the moment can be questioned. In this case, it is very hard for researchers to actually predict climate change and sea level in given areas such as New York City which is stated by Dr Rosenzweig of Columbia University. However, the article shows that the panel and Mayor Bloomberg are showing initiative. Bloomberg and his chief advisor have prepoused to take some action before global warming has an effect. Such things as planning for cooling centers in place of A/C units in order to keep brownouts and blackouts to a minimum. They are also asking for the relocating of important equipment out of harms way in the form of flooding. Such things as electrical machinery have already been moved to higher ground instead of siting below sea level. The article ends on Bloomberg and his city officials stating that it would be cost effective to do the planning and work now than to wait for the effects of a warming world. This article is based upon a growing field in which knowledge is changing everyday. Another source which can be connected to this article is the textbook with the title “The Sciences”, by James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen. Within this textbook, chapter 19 speaks about global warming, new research about it, as well as the expectations of its effects. Much of the chapters area on global warming lays out a lot of variables on the global warming debate such as other sources of CO2 which are rising the total, not just human impact. However the textbook agrees with the statements in the article about the rising tides and temperatures. However the textbook also goes into a little more detail in explaining how global temperature models, such as the one Mayor Bloomberg’s panel used in its localized predictions, are very flawed in that cloud coverage as well as the oceans themselves are very hard to be put in these models. Both are very big components of global warming and are hard to “model”. The textbook acknowledges that however many different causes there are of global warming, it does exist. The text also shows that international policy has been to cut back on greenhouse gas admittance, the textbooks says the United States hasn’t signed. This article maybe evidence that the U.S might be changing its policy. === Whether its from a textbook or an article, it is at least comforting to see the awareness’ of global warming is spreading. The article by Mireya Navarro was interesting because it showed some sort of initiative by some form of government to plan for the future. People like former President Bush seemed to be more worried about fighting the causes and blame of global warming rather than accepting that no matter the causes or faults, the planet is heating up and climates will be changing. This article gave hope that maybe policies are going to change and go further than just recycling or optional electric cars now that higher levels of power are recognizing the global crisis. While the article only mentioned plans on how to deal with the upcoming problem, hopefully it’s a start on research and planning on how to minimize the effects of something that seems inevitable ===

For as long as man could see the sky, we have been fascinated with ideas, beliefs, theories and evidence of what is out in space. Early scientists and astronomers were able to map stars as well as come to conclusions about the positioning of the sun and its planets. In the 1960’s man left earth and entered space and would land on an alien object, the moon. As seen in mankind’s historic curiosity, scientists are now interested in the history and possible harboring of life these planets poses. One specific planet that has been in many movies as well as scientific theories which is believed to be very similar to our home planet is Mars. An article by Kenneth Chang entitled “ Minerals on Mars Point to More Recent Presence of Water ” expands on the fascination we have with space. To begin, the article is built upon the already known fact that there was water on Mars at one time or another. Author Chang also informs the reader about picture evidence that there are frozen mountain tops which obviously in one form or another, water. Chang’s article is written in the response to one of the newer space explorer crafts data in which minerals that are commonly found during and as well as after the presence of water were found. Opals as they are called, along with other minerals such as clays from earlier space explorations to Mars are solidifying the scientific fact that water was present on Mars. Other evidence such as the ice on top of some mountains on Mars as well as the geological make up of the planet, jagged canons and valleys, along with the discovery of these minerals put no doubt in the science world that water existed, it’s just for how long and at what time period. These two questions are asked by Chang in the article however no definite answer is given. The first question of how much water was on Mars at one point or another is still being debated. Some scientists offer the idea that environmental changes and acts of nature caused sudden floods which aloud water to create the canyons and valleys seen on Mars. The other side of the debate uses the landscape as evidence of a more consistent amount of water. The article explains how scientific evidence such as the presence of carbon dioxide minerals can explain both theories. However, Chang extends his help to the idea that water was present for a long period of time on Mars. Because of the difference in the dates of certain minerals, opal being dated to have been formed 2 billion years ago, and clays that were formed 3.5 billions years ago, it seems evident that water had been around for numerous amounts of years. As well, a new belief that not only carbon dioxide acted within the atmosphere to absorb heat, but nitrogen dioxide from things such as volcanoes may have helped in the heating of Mars creating an environment suitable for liquid water. The second question asked of the scientists according to Chang is that of Mars atmosphere and what happened to it to release Mars air. In a few small words Chang quotes scientists who still have no answer at all to that very question. The interest in this article is for a couple of reasons. The first being the relevance of this articles material to text within the textbook. However, besides the timeline of the solar system and the age of planets, 4.5 billion years, most of the material can be seen to fit in with chapter 18 of the textbook, Earths Many Cycles. The textbook describes in detail the moving of energy and matter on earth through cycles such as the hydrologic cycle, in which water cycles from oceans to rivers, ice caps, then to the clouds. As well, it also describes how earth’s atmosphere has its own cycle in which controls the climate and environment of earth. Along with those two cycles, the rock cycle is described in the text which can be seen to integrate with the for-mentioned cycles to create the landscapes of earth. Concepts such as igneous rocks reacting with hot liquids like l lava to form the first rock formations. Then the water cycle and atmospheric cycle in combination help weather the rocks into things such as valleys and rivers. The same concepts are being used to show how Mars needed these certain cycles at one point in order to maintain water as well as atmospheric qualities. The other reason for interest in this article is the overall knowledge that scientists are moving closer and closer to mapping the environmental history of another planet in our solar system besides ours. There mere concept of an alien planet that seemed to have gone through similar environmental changes that our planet has already seen and hopes not to see in its future is amazing. It is sometimes unbelievable that these new discoveries are being made now on a consistent basis however we are still so far from the answers we seek.

#3
Summary ,Book Citation, Personal Interest by kenneth chang The history and advancement of technology and science are very complicated however very intriguing parts of human existence. One of the most studied and some would say advanced area within the topic of technology and science would be physics and energy. An article which might shed light on the future of energy as well as many areas of science and technology would be an article by Kenneth Chang entitled “Scotch Tape Unleashes X-Ray Power”. The basis of the article is the uniqueness of a demonstration that was done by researchers at the University of California. These researchers showed colleagues that when scotch tape is unpeeled from its usual roll for, the tearing of the glue substance causes the admittance of relatively strong x-ray photons. Chang informs the reader that the strength of these x-rays in some demonstrations were actually strong enough to x-ray a human finger. These demonstrations however are only done within a vacuum in order for the x-rays to be observed. However, with this area of new research, scientists believe new things are possible. Such things as detecting weakening composite materials which the article states are being used to make airplanes and cars would be possible. As well, this research could lead to smaller, cheaper, and more effective medical machines that would be able to destroy tumors. With those new possibilities out there, the biggest one seems to be the belief that if the energy from the tearing of adhesive could be directed through the proper avenues, it could lead to nuclear fusion. Kenneth Changs' article interestly states however that this demonstration and discovery was actually a lost area of science that had been discovered earlier in history. As unique as this concept seems to be, according to Chang, the first work of this type was in 1939 by scientists who proved that tearing tape emits light. In 1953, Russian scientist showed that there was enough energy being emitted from this light that it could be strong enough to produce x-rays but the research never took off. What is known now is that there are about 300,000 x-ray photons per a billionth of a second burst, according to researchers from U.C.L.A. There are numerous areas of interest that can be found within this article. For starters, the research that has been shown in this article seems to be a field of interest all around the science world, that of the advancement of x-rays and energy itself. The class textbook had plenty of input into this area of study. As in the article, chapter 6 of the textbook describes x-rays as being very important within the world of technology and industry. The concept of identifying weaknesses in materials that would otherwise show no signs of wear and tear is a common theme among the two writings. The textbook also mentions how there is a new wave of research underway in order to improve conventional x-rays and the research in this article is just one of the new ideas. Within the textbook, it is mentioned that there is a new technique being studied in which electrons are sped up in a circular path in order to intensify the energy. This technique has been shown to increase x-ray beams a billion times stronger then today’s usual x-ray machines. What is most interesting about this article is the simplicity of the action used within the overall research. The simple tearing of an adhesive to create x-rays seems to be such a small act with a large outcome. The most interesting part about the entire concept described in the article is that this research has been stalled in some areas due to the fact that the only time this demonstration works is when researchers used Scotch tape. Any other tape, such as duct tape, has either been unable to reach the level of energy the Scotch tape gives off or has not been tested yet. The problem is that researchers do not know the exact chemical make up of the adhesive Scotch uses because the company has the substance patented. Either way, this revived research seems to show promise and has the potential to advance many areas of science and technology which may brighten man’s future on this planet.
 * Scotch take unleashes x pay power**

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